Hard Bop

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Cool jazz's reign as the prevalent jazz style after bop's demise was short lived as many jazz players, especially on the east coast, wanted to return to a style of jazz that had a little more grit and aggression. Hard bop was a return to some of the ascetics of bop, but also offered some new differences. Hard bop brought back the faster tempos of the bop era, but in hard bop the harmonic changes did not come in such rapid fire succession and musicians found themselves stretching out on longer modal style solos. The new emphasis on albums rather than singles also led to longer songs. Hard bop players also began to bring more influences from the church, blues and RnB into jazz which foreshadowed the coming of soul jazz. Despite an influx of avant-garde jazz in the 60s, hard bop remained the prevalent jazz style until the emergence of fusion in the late 60s. Hard bop has enjoyed many revivals over the years and remains one of the most enduring and popular styles in jazz. Miles Davis is considered an early innovator in the field of hard bop, but Art Blakey and the many musicians who played in his Jazz Messengers are considered to be the epitome of the style.

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JOHN COLTRANE Blue Train Album Cover Blue Train
JOHN COLTRANE
4.74 | 71 ratings
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JOHN COLTRANE Live at Birdland Album Cover Live at Birdland
JOHN COLTRANE
4.82 | 18 ratings
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JOHN COLTRANE My Favorite Things Album Cover My Favorite Things
JOHN COLTRANE
4.73 | 60 ratings
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WES MONTGOMERY The Incredible Jazz Guitar of Wes Montgomery Album Cover The Incredible Jazz Guitar of Wes Montgomery
WES MONTGOMERY
4.84 | 16 ratings
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MILES DAVIS 'Round About Midnight (aka Miles Davis) Album Cover 'Round About Midnight (aka Miles Davis)
MILES DAVIS
4.71 | 49 ratings
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HORACE SILVER Horace Silver And The Jazz Messengers Album Cover Horace Silver And The Jazz Messengers
HORACE SILVER
4.88 | 9 ratings
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LEE MORGAN City Lights Album Cover City Lights
LEE MORGAN
4.88 | 8 ratings
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DEXTER GORDON A Swingin' Affair Album Cover A Swingin' Affair
DEXTER GORDON
4.90 | 7 ratings
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ART BLAKEY Free For All Album Cover Free For All
ART BLAKEY
4.70 | 20 ratings
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JACKIE MCLEAN Right Now! Album Cover Right Now!
JACKIE MCLEAN
4.79 | 10 ratings
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JOHN COLTRANE Giant Steps Album Cover Giant Steps
JOHN COLTRANE
4.60 | 76 ratings
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CHARLES MINGUS Mingus Mingus Mingus Mingus Mingus Album Cover Mingus Mingus Mingus Mingus Mingus
CHARLES MINGUS
4.64 | 24 ratings
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hard bop Music Reviews

HERBIE HANCOCK Takin' Off

Album · 1962 · Hard Bop
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FunkFreak75
22-year old Chicago native, now sleeping on Donald Byrd's couch, is willingly pushed out of the nest to record his first album of original compositions as his own bandleader! What an honor!

A1. "Watermelon Man" (7:09) the iconic hit that made Herbie the hot ticket in clubs and radio (as well as a LOT of money from all of the covers people have done over the years). Definitely a song that appropriate to the "in-crowd" of the new Kennedy era. What I love about it is that I love Freddie Hubbard, and I love Dexter Gordon, and Billy Higgins is no slouch. Enjoyable and definitely an earworm. (13.75/15)

A2. "Three Bags Full" (5:27) a little more complex and sophisticated with rapid-rising quick key changes in the intro. Butch Warren's almost-simple bass keeps us down on Earth while Herbie and Billy seem to want to lift us up and make us blow with the wind. Freddie is light and Dexter is kind of heavy--like Lenny and Shorty. Herbie is very lyrical and verbose for such a youngin'--playing quite nice lilting keyboard runs and fusillades. I like it! (9/10)

A3. "Empty Pockets" (6:12) opens with quite a little "Take Five" energy before the call of Freddie and Dexter opposite to the response of Herbie's full two-handed chords take us onto a different (more "So What"-like) road. I like the shorter, more staccato soloing of Freddie and Dexter but also the two-way conversation Herbie has with himself in his own solo. The choruses still revert back to that opening "Take Five" energy, while the body of the verses veer back to the "So What" motif--more when Herbie is accompanying, less when he's the soloist. (9/10)

B1. "The Maze" (6:48) an okay jazz tune that has some amazing whole-band (minus Freddie) interplay while Dexter is soloing in the fourth and fifth minutes. (Dexter and Herbie are especially amazing!) And the finish is ultra-smooth. (13.5/15)

B2. "Driftin'" (6:59) more excellent whole-band on what feels and sounds like an attempt at another "hip" pop-jazz tune. Freddie gets to shine a little in the opening minute but then Dexter is handed the first solo in the second. Not my favorite D solo, it's still pretty smooth, but Freddie's follow-up is so cool, so smooth, so masterfully controlled. At 3:18 Herbie starts his turn: smooth runs, standard chords, until at 3:45 he starts to reach for the stars. At the end of the fourth minute he kind of starts over before his horn men join him as an accent bank while Herbie continues to flow. No big crescendo, just a lot of full-stop accents. (13.333/15)

B3. "Alone And I" (6:30) late night piano with brushes and spacious bass notes open this before Dexter enters to take the first solo with his plaintive tone. I love this guy! He phrases things with such sincerity, presence, and feeling. Freddie takes over at the end of the second minute. He does pretty well, stumbling a bit a couple of times, before fairly quickly passing off to Herbie. It's songs like these--with all of the space and deliberation--that you can really tell the mature, seasoned pros: and Dexter definitely has it over the others (15+ years over both Freddie and Herbie). On Freddie's second go round he's a bit more composed, while Herbie is very eloquent in his support. A beautiful little window into their souls. (9.125/10)

Total time: 38:05

This is all jazz, no elements of Jazz-Rock Fusion in it (that I can tell) but I wanted to review it see where the young prodigy was when it all started.

A-/five stars; a minor masterpiece of accessible jazz. This would be an awesome introductory tool for one's self-education into the world of Jazz Music.

ELDAD TARMU Silver on Aluminum

Album · 2025 · Hard Bop
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js
Vibraphonist Eldad Tarmu has been releasing albums as a leader since the late 90s and has worked as a sideman with top names such as; Mike Clark, Billy Higgins, Freddie Hubbard, Poncho Sanchez, Ernie Watts and many more. Although he usually writes original music, on his latest outing, “Silver on Aluminum”, Eldad has eschewed the originals to devote himself to interpreting the music of Horace Silver. The album’s title alludes to the idea of performing Horace’s music on the aluminum vibraphone. It’s an interesting concept because it allows the more percussive instrument to bring out the rhythmic complexities of Silver’s music. Some of this probably has to do with Eldad’s arrangements, but many of these tunes are mind boggling in their constant rhythmic changeups and challenges, this is especially evident on a track like, “Pyramid”.

Joining Tarmu for this endeavor are bassist Marty Isenberg and drummer Michael Shapira. This being a trio album, the rhythm section gets a lot of chances for interplay, the music is very conversational, but they are given very little solo space, this album is all about the vibraphone and it’s presence is a constant. Much of the music falls roughly into the hard bop genre, although with plenty of Latin and funk jazz rhythms as well. “No Smokin” is the high speed bop number and “Strollin” is the ballad. The recording quality is very clear and unadorned. This sounds like a microphone, or a couple of microphones, in a room with very little if any compression or fake reverb. In fact, you can clearly hear the room itself in the ambience.

As mentioned already, this music is complex and demanding, particularly in it’s rhythms. As Tarmu explains, “You can sight read this music and get all the notes right, but it can still sound terrible. Silver’s compositions require a deep emotional engagement.” The make or break for this album lies in the sound of the vibraphone itself. It is very persistent on here without a break and this may take some getting used to for some. Hang in there with this one because close listening will reveal some interesting takes on rhythm and structure. You may end up hearing the music of Horace Silver in a new way.

JEFF RUPERT It Gets Better

Album · 2024 · Hard Bop
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Carmel
They say time heals all wounds, that wine tastes richer with age, and that old jazz records mellow into something unforgettable. In Jeff Rupert's world, "It Gets Better" isn't just a title, it's a mantra that echoes through every note. Rupert has long established himself as a saxophonist with a gift for weaving personality into every phrase. Whether leading his own ensembles or collaborating with icons of the jazz world, Rupert's tenor saxophone voice is unmistakably warm, robust, and expressive.

With "It Gets Better," Rupert offers an album that leans into the timeless language of jazz with inventive hues of modern structures expressed in an expressive rhythmic flow. The result is a journey that starts with swagger, flows through expression, and blooms into exuberance before winding down with a sense of cadential acceptance.

At the heart of "It Gets Better" is a quartet that functions as a true collaborative unit. Joining Rupert is the legendary pianist Kenny Barron, with his elegant touch and harmonic wisdom. Peter Washington's full, resonant bass lines provide a foundation of agility and warmth, while Joe Farnsworth's time-keeping drumming ranges from masterful brushwork to driving swing rhythms.

This hard-bop gem, "Petrichor (in the Cote D'azur)," opens the album with strut. Rupert's warm, expressive tenor delivers the head with an energy that feels like a call to adventure. His solo is created with expressive accents, placing his ideas squarely in the swing time pocket. The rock-solid foundation of Washington and Farnsworth supports Barron's piano solo as his elegance and energy capture your attention. Washington's bass solo is a study in fluidity and precision.

"Comanche Crush" is a medium-up Latin groove with seamless transitions that keep things fresh. Farnsworth's cymbal patterns shimmer, and the Latin-to-swing shift is executed with flair. Barron's solo takes off with rhythmic crosscurrents that ripple across the time feel. Rupert's solo is alive with lines that twist deftly through the changes, landing beautifully resolved ideas that add melodic suspense and satisfaction.

Here's where the blues takes center stage, "Lana Turner," a slow-medium traditional jazz form with a timeless feel. Rupert leans into the blues and swing jazz vocabulary with sweet vibrato and glissandos that echo the masters. Barron's solo brings in modern pentatonic flashes and clever substitutions, while Washington and Farnsworth lock in like a finely tuned engine, listening intently and responding with rhythmic finesse.

"It Gets Better" is set to a medium swing feel that thrives on interaction and groove. The catchy bass line and head create a platform for Rupert's flowing, legato phrasing. Farnsworth's brushwork is a standout, and when he switches to sticks midway through Rupert's solo, the energy is built to a thrilling climax. Overall, the subtle crescendos of dynamics underscore the quartet's collective performance and ensemble synergy.

A slow, moody exploration framed by a hypnotic rhythmic figure is the setting for "Pharoah's Daughter." For the solo section, Rupert's modal vocabulary is in full effect—his intervals and motifs are methodically developed, adding intrigue, and his articulations add emotional weight. Barron's piano accompaniment glues the harmony together with precision, while Washington anchors the shifts between the repetitive groove and swing passages with a resonant, woody tone.

This classic "Like Someone in Love" gets a fresh trio treatment—tenor, bass, and drums. Rupert's lyrical expression of the melody is filled with turns and embellishments. Washington's solo is melodic and grounded, showcasing his harmonic awareness, while Farnsworth's snare comping drives the trio forward with crisp, articulate phrasing. The fours between Rupert and Farnsworth unfold like a friendly sparring session—each phrase escalating the dialogue with wit and precision.

A modern Latin selection called "Nowhere to Go But Up" dances between feels before settling into a driving 6/4 swing waltz. Barron's rhythmic vitality in the waltz is infectious, creating playful tension with his two-against-three phrasing. Rupert's solo snakes through the harmony with bluesy inflections and striking intervallic leaps, each phrase reinforcing the rhythmic pocket while maintaining clarity of emotional intent.

"Not My Blues" is an up-tempo post-bop blues where the quartet's chemistry soars. Rupert's swing feel is impeccable as he locks into the buoyant rhythm section. Barron's voicings sparkle with harmonic clarity and rhythmic exuberance, while his ideas practically leap out of the piano in a way that feels as joyful as it is sophisticated. The ensemble's lively interplay makes this track an instant highlight.

The closer, "Promenade in Blue," is an exquisite ballad that starts with a relaxed sax-piano duet. Rupert's bends and falls add a touch of vulnerability and elegance. When Washington and Farnsworth join at the bridge, the texture deepens without overpowering the mood. Washington's lyrical solo reinforces the song's introspective beauty, and the composition gently winds down, closing the album with grace.

Throughout the album, there is a theme reflecting Barron's inventive phrasing, Washington's lyrical sense of time, and Rupert's expressive melodies, while Farnsworth adds rhythmic propulsion that gives the music a sense of direction. Together, this ensemble breathes life into every melody, rhythm, and improvisational exchange, delivering an album that thrives on spontaneity and impeccable communication.

Jeff Rupert and his ensemble offer a blend of hard bop, blues, and balladry, all delivered within an ensemble that brings forth emotional nuances. This is an album of journies where the improvisations feel organic, the ensemble interplay is sharp, and the production captures every nuance. "It Gets Better" is as much a lesson in ensemble communication as it is a heartfelt homage to jazz tradition.

FREDDIE HUBBARD Red Clay

Album · 1970 · Hard Bop
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FunkFreak75
Recorded at Van Gelder Studios in Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, on January 27-29, 1970, and then released to the public by CTI in May. This was Freddie's first album produced by Creed Taylor, thus announcing a new style and sound that would become Freddie's signature over the next decade (despite only working with Creed and Rudy for the next five years).

A1. "Red Clay" (12:05) Lenny White's muscular, more-rock-inspired drums are noticeable from the get-go as are Herbie Hancock's electric piano and Ron Carter's hyper-active electric bass. I love how Freddie and Joe both seem to feed off of the energy coming from Lenny and Ron, while Herbie tempers everybody with his smoothed out electric piano sound and play. I can see why everybody loves this song: great enthusiasm captured here! High marks for Ron's play alone (though when given a solo he's rather subdued and toned down)! And then there is the wonderfully-synchronized whole band staccato play in the last 90 seconds to finish. I would definitely call this a Jazz-Rock Fusion song. (23/25)

A2. "Delphia" (7:25) opening with that long-held discordant chord on the organ is genius--especially in light of the gorgeous, gospel-bluesy song that comes out of it. Freddie's trumpet play is so smooth--this despite the raw and raunchy organ play from Herbie. The bass and drums seem much more aligned with Freddie's mood and melody, but it is Herbie's dirty organ play that takes the song's simple "purity" out of the realms of guileless innocence and makes it rather suggestive and risqué--even winning over the horn players to the side of sin and temptation over the course of the song's seven minutes. Wow! What an honest though disturbing scene to have to witness! Like watching an innocent, unassuming young girl be seduced into giving up her virginity! The suggestive storytelling power of music! (Despite the fusion of innocence with lechery, this is not very fusion music.) (13.5/15)

B1. "Suite Sioux" (8:40) more relaxed and upbeat than the previous song, the song opens with a light conversation between Herbie's organ and Fender Rhodes and the two horn players until 1:10 when Freddie takes off into the first of two alternating bop motifs, the rhythm section beneath him seeming to be alternating between two (or three) very different lanes on the free way (or air currents over the Badlands). Whatever their instructions or motivations, the seemingly-random switches between the three motifs are quite radical: requiring quite a little skill and focus from the bass and drummer (deftly manifested by both Ron and Lenny). The soloists flying on the air currents above seem hardly to take notice, even when Ron and Lenny fly into unexpected wind gusts. At the six-minute mark we get the launch into a drum solo that is rather unusual for its loud and pronounced bass drum and then oddly subtle dénouement. The horns and Herbie come back to the motif of the opening "conversation" while Ron and Lenny hit an even more strangely different pattern beneath. Wow! What did I just hear?! Some intrepid (and extended) étude? Some kind of alchemical magic? Listening to Lenny White alone makes for a fascinating and mind-boggling experience. (18.25/20)

B2. "The Intrepid Fox" (10:40) sounds like music rooted very firmly in the hard bop jazz of the 1960s despite the free reign given to Herbie Hancock and his electric piano. Even Lenny sounds quite disciplined to constrain himself within the rigors of standard jazz practices here. (17.375/20)

Total time 38:50

A-/five stars; a minor masterpiece of highly diversified music that spans a spectrum from be-bop, hard bop and the new Jazz-Rock Fusion. In terms of adding to the J-R F lexicon, the opening title song is definitely the most fitting, but even "Delphia" and "Suite Sioux" express experimental elements that will go far to influence other artists dabbling in the medium. Definitely a landmark album for both Freddie and the rapid maturation of Jazz-Rock Fusion.

DAVID LARSEN Cohesion

Album · 2024 · Hard Bop
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Carmel
Following the successful “The Peplowski Project” (Self-Released, 2023), baritone saxophonist and composer David Larsen returns with “Cohesion,” a dynamic collaboration with East Coast jazz talents Darryl Yokley, Zaccai Curtis, Alex Apollo, and Wayne Smith Jr. This set contains six original compositions by Larsen and two by Yokley, offering listeners a taste of East-meets-West jazz perspectives.

The title track opens with a modal jazz expression, characterized by harmonized saxophone lines and a forward-thinking rhythmic feel from bassist Apollo and drummer Smith Jr. Yokley and Larsen bring contrasting yet complementary styles: Yokley’s tenor has a resonant post-bop warmth, while Larsen’s baritone provides a rich, grounded hard bop tone. “Down to It” continues in a modal vein, where Larsen’s lyrical sensibility channels the spirit of ‘60s modal jazz fused with hard bop energy.

“Movement” takes on a leisurely straight-eighth groove, propelled by a subtle rhythmic motif. The two saxophones blend in harmony during the melody, while Larsen’s solo navigates rhythmic shifts between straight-eighth and swing feels. His rhythmic flexibility and dynamic phrasing lift the piece, demonstrating his command over both style and structure.

“Wishing Well” moves into Afro-Cuban territory, introducing a lively groove under a buoyant melody from the horns. The rhythmic interplay between Apollo’s bass and Smith’s drums provides a solid foundation, allowing Larsen and Yokley to dive deeply into this new rhythmic terrain. Larsen’s compositional voice brings a melodic fluidity that lets both saxophonists explore stylistic variations throughout the album.

On “Fedchock,” the ensemble locks into a swinging, hard bop vibe, underscored by a hypnotic elegance and subtle guide-tone tension. “Working Things Out” shifts gears with a modern jazz feel, its straight-eighth pulse matched by a buoyant melody. Larsen’s baritone solo here shines with an edgy expressiveness; he builds his solo with the same care he brings to his writing, crafting each phrase with intentionality and depth.

Yokley’s compositions introduce a post-bop flavor to round out the album. “Mount Fuji” swings at a brisk tempo, challenging the ensemble with shifting harmonic ideas. Yokley, Larsen, and Curtis each bring unique improvisational ideas, adding intrigue to the track’s spirited framework. The album closes on “El Duelo,” where inquisitive harmonic choices elevate the composition. Larsen’s hard bop sensibilities find a natural fit in this modern setting, and Yokley’s tenor sax lines bring a resonant depth that enriches the composition’s energy.

Overall, Larsen’s playing has a flowing melodic clarity and infectious groove, balancing timbre, articulation, and inventive motifs with finesse. Across the eight songs, the ensemble shows a profound blending of sensitivity and technicality. Each musician finds creative ways to explore these well-written compositions, making “Cohesion” a distinct and valuable addition to Larsen’s discography.

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